Wednesday, 23 July 2014

Howell Davis: The bizarre Welsh pirate adventure in Africa

Howell Davis was a Welsh pirate, born around 1690. Davis had become a pirate in 1718, and was ransacking ships along the African coast. Having plundered several merchant ships, he had also taken a 32-gun Dutch ship which he renamed the Rover.

 In the bay of Anamaboe, he had taken three more ships, one of which was called the Princess, on board which another Welshman called Bartholomew Roberts was serving as a second-mate. When the ship was boarded, Roberts somewhat-unenthusiastically joined the pirates.

Following this, Davis would soon make his biggest find, a Dutch ship containing the Governor of Acra and almost £15,000 as well as other valuable cargo.

However, following this, Davis had realised a far easier way of getting rich than simple force; he decided to use his natural intelligence, charm and charisma to make money. He began by meeting with the commander of a Royal African Company slaving fort in Gambia, pretending to be a legitimate privateer serving the King of Great Britain. The commander arranged for a dinner to be held, welcoming Davis. However, during this dinner, the Welsh pirate took the Commander hostage, seizing £2000 in gold in exchange for his life.

Deciding that this method was more preferable to that of the sword, Davis went next to the Portuguese-held island of Principe.  Going ashore, having flown the British flag from a captured Man-O-War , he met with the Portuguese Governor, pretending that he was, once more, an English pirate-hunter. The Portuguese Governor fell for this ruse, offering assistance against pirates. Davis accepted his help, asking any bills for his men’s supplies to be sent to the King of England.

He promptly returned to his ship, just as a French ship entered the harbour. ‘Explaining’ to the Governor that this was crewed by ‘pirates’; he attacked and captured the ship, impressing the Governor and further earning his trust.

Intending to completely earn the Governor’s trust, he offered the Governor twelve slaves as a gift, intending to lure him aboard his ship to kidnap him and hold him for ransom, aiming to receive £40,000 in exchange for the Governor. However, the night before this could happen, one of the slaves escaped, warning the Portuguese.

Thusly, when Davis went ashore the next morning to escort his ‘guest’ to view his ‘gift’, the Portuguese had prepared an ambush for him, killing him and many of his men.
His death in June or July 1719 is recorded in ‘Captain Charles Johnson’s’ A General History of the Pyrates:

…just as he fell, he perceived he was follow'd, and drawing out his Pistols, fired them at his pursuers: Thus like a game Cock, giving a dying Blow, that he might not fall unavenged."


By the time of his death, Davis had become the 14th richest pirate, despite having only been one for 11 months.

Upon his death, his remaining crew appointed another Captain, the Welshman Bartholomew Roberts, now regarded as one of the most successful pirates in history. His first act as Captain was to avenge his compatriot; assaulting the fort of Principe, looting it and tossing its cannons into the ocean. The civilian population was forced into the woods as Roberts’ ship bombarded the town to rubble, burning two Portuguese ships in the harbour before departing in satisfaction.

So ended a genuinely cunning pirate who had used one of piracy’s more unknown tactics: trickery through skilled acting. A pirate who considered violence a last resort and went against modern stereotypes is surely noteworthy. It is a pity that men such as these are not better remembered, for they present a far broader image of 18th Century pirates than most know today.


Sources:




All the Countries We’ve Ever Invaded-by Stuart Laycock(The History Press; 2012)

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